Meso-scale Flight and Miniature Rotorcraft Development

This paper summarizes the initial development of a very small-scale rotorcraft that flies on its own power and carries sensors for atmospheric research or planetary exploration. Initial devices are electrically powered, ranging in size from 2 to 15 cm, and have involved challenges in aerodynamics, control, and manufacturing. Many interesting scaling issues arise as one shrinks a flight vehicle down to this size. Certain scaling attributes are favorable, such as the increased strength and rigidity of structures at small scales, while others, such as aerodynamics, represent significant challenges. This paper summarizes the aerodynamic design of the rotor system, and approaches to fabrication, control, and power systems. Results of prototype tests suggest that the concept can be successfully produced and that the design methodology is appropriate, despite the insect-like scale of the rotors. Results of recent experiments with a larger version of this concept intended to fly on Mars are also described.